Mercury Cyanide Contamination of Groundwater from Gold Mining and Prospects for Removal
نویسندگان
چکیده
Ore bodies from which gold is mined are often composed of minerals containing sulfur, sellenium and tellurium. Mercury is also associated with these three elements and is simultaneously dissolved during gold extraction. When cyanide salts are used to extract gold, mercury cyanide complexes that form enhance mercury mobility and increase mercury concentrations in groundwater. In one instance this resulted in mercury contamination of drinking water supplies where removal to an acceptable level could only be achieved at an exorbitant cost. A combination of precipitation and adsorption are most often used to achieve metal removal from waste streams. However, mercury removal is problematic because in addition to being acutely toxic, mercury tends to be soluble in the presence of many common anions and soil materials, and compared to other metals it is highly volatile. Further research into treating mercury contaminated waste streams and into the gold mining process is needed. RÉSUMÉ Les minerais desquels l'or est extrait contiennent du soufre, du sélénium et du tellure. Le mercure est aussi présent dans ces minerais et se dissout durant le processus d'extraction de l'or. Quand les sels du cyanure sont utilisés pour extraire l'or, les complexes de cyanure de mercure qui se forment augmentent le facteur de mobilité du mercure et haussent la concentration de celui-ci dans la nappe phréatique. Dans un cas particulier, ceci a mené à la contamination de la réserve d'eau potable, où la décontamination aura été seulement possible à un coût exorbitant. Le précipitation et adsorption sont le plus souvent utilisées pour décontaminer les eaux usées. Toutefois, l'enlèvement du mercure est problématique car le mercure à tendance à être soluble en présence de plusieurs anions et minéraux communs et il est tres volatile. Plus de recherche sur le traitement des eaux contaminées et le processus d'extraction de l'or est nécessaire.
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